From 6af57f759d3c840ccd5f30e029a51d262527e253 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex <peretjatko@univ-brest.fr>
Date: Fri, 4 Sep 2026 14:32:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?Optimisation=20de=20l'ordre=20des=20layer=20g?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=C3=A9n=C3=A9r=C3=A9s?=
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Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
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---
 README.md                                     |  11 ++-
 __pycache__/circle_packing.cpython-312.pyc    | Bin 8264 -> 8535 bytes
 __pycache__/packing_core.cpython-312.pyc      | Bin 7349 -> 12209 bytes
 __pycache__/packing_core.cpython-313.pyc      | Bin 7322 -> 12129 bytes
 .../test_packing.cpython-313-pytest-9.0.2.pyc | Bin 39247 -> 53397 bytes
 packing_core.py                               |  91 +++++++++++++++++-
 test_packing.py                               |  69 +++++++++++++
 7 files changed, 167 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 7d06e39..1b39c2b 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ possible qui ne déborde pas du contour et ne touche aucun cercle déjà posé.
   conservée par défaut
 - Transformations respectées : le groupe généré annule celle de son parent
 - Graine aléatoire pour un résultat reproductible
+- Cercles ordonnés de proche en proche (chaîne du plus proche voisin) : les logiciels
+  de découpe laser qui suivent l'ordre du document minimisent leurs déplacements à vide
 - Grille de hachage spatial : des dizaines de milliers de tentatives restent rapides
 - Script de déploiement PowerShell (installation, mise à jour, désinstallation)
 
@@ -118,7 +120,8 @@ API de `packing_core.py` (utilisable seule, hors Inkscape) :
 | `distance_point_segment(px, py, x1, y1, x2, y2)` | Distance point → segment |
 | `distance_to_rings(x, y, rings)` | Distance au contour le plus proche |
 | `SpatialGrid(cell_size)` | Grille de hachage des cercles posés |
-| `pack_circles(rings, min_radius, max_radius, …)` | Boucle de packing, renvoie `[(x, y, r), …]` |
+| `order_by_proximity(circles)` | Réordonne en chaîne du plus proche voisin (départ au coin haut-gauche) |
+| `pack_circles(rings, min_radius, max_radius, …)` | Boucle de packing, renvoie `[(x, y, r), …]` déjà ordonnés |
 
 Un contour (`rings`) est une liste d'anneaux, chaque anneau étant une liste de
 points `(x, y)` fermée implicitement.
@@ -135,7 +138,7 @@ pip install pytest
 python -m pytest test_packing.py -q
 ```
 
-Résultat attendu : **14 passés, 1 ignoré**. Le test ignoré est celui de bout en
+Résultat attendu : **20 passés, 1 ignoré**. Le test ignoré est celui de bout en
 bout, sauté quand `inkex` n'est pas importable. Pour l'exécuter, ajouter le dossier
 des extensions d'Inkscape au `PYTHONPATH` :
 
@@ -146,6 +149,8 @@ python -m pytest test_packing.py -q
 
 Les tests couvrent l'appartenance à une forme trouée, les distances au contour, la
 grille spatiale, et les invariants du packing : aucun chevauchement, rayons dans
-les bornes, cercles tous intérieurs, reproductibilité à graine fixée.
+les bornes, cercles tous intérieurs, reproductibilité à graine fixée. L'ordre de sortie est
+comparé à une recherche du plus proche voisin en force brute et à la longueur du parcours
+d'un ordre mélangé.
 
 Aucun outil de lint n'est configuré dans le projet ; le code suit PEP 8.
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diff --git a/__pycache__/test_packing.cpython-313-pytest-9.0.2.pyc b/__pycache__/test_packing.cpython-313-pytest-9.0.2.pyc
index bcef4f3c6521f00356f6f76a28db3b6eafe0aae4..f7929d27c74f413afa872e3957dcc58fdb219bb0 100644
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diff --git a/packing_core.py b/packing_core.py
index 4ff45c7..ad8402f 100644
--- a/packing_core.py
+++ b/packing_core.py
@@ -103,6 +103,92 @@ class SpatialGrid:
         return len(self.circles)
 
 
+def order_by_proximity(circles, cell_size=None):
+    """Reordonne les cercles en chaine du plus proche voisin.
+
+    Deux cercles consecutifs dans la liste sont physiquement proches, ce qui
+    minimise les deplacements a vide d'une tete de decoupe laser suivant
+    l'ordre du document. Le depart est le cercle de (y, x) minimal, soit le
+    coin haut-gauche : le resultat est deterministe.
+
+    La recherche du voisin le plus proche balaie des anneaux de cellules de
+    plus en plus larges autour du point courant, et s'arrete des que l'anneau
+    suivant ne peut plus contenir mieux. Les cercles consommes sont retires de
+    leur cellule, donc la grille se vide au fil du parcours.
+    """
+    if len(circles) < 2:
+        return list(circles)
+
+    if cell_size is None:
+        xs = [c[0] for c in circles]
+        ys = [c[1] for c in circles]
+        width = max(xs) - min(xs)
+        height = max(ys) - min(ys)
+        area = max(width * height, 1e-9)
+        # vise environ un cercle par cellule
+        cell_size = math.sqrt(area / len(circles))
+    cell_size = max(cell_size, 1e-9)
+
+    def key(x, y):
+        return (int(math.floor(x / cell_size)), int(math.floor(y / cell_size)))
+
+    cells = {}
+    for index, (x, y, _r) in enumerate(circles):
+        cells.setdefault(key(x, y), []).append(index)
+
+    def take(index):
+        """Retire un cercle de sa cellule."""
+        x, y, _r = circles[index]
+        bucket = cells[key(x, y)]
+        bucket.remove(index)
+        if not bucket:
+            del cells[key(x, y)]
+
+    # depart : coin haut-gauche
+    current = min(range(len(circles)),
+                  key=lambda i: (circles[i][1], circles[i][0]))
+    take(current)
+    order = [current]
+
+    imin = min(c[0] for c in cells)
+    imax = max(c[0] for c in cells)
+    jmin = min(c[1] for c in cells)
+    jmax = max(c[1] for c in cells)
+
+    remaining = len(circles) - 1
+    while remaining:
+        cx, cy, _r = circles[current]
+        ci, cj = key(cx, cy)
+        # au-dela, les anneaux sortent completement de la grille
+        k_max = max(ci - imin, imax - ci, cj - jmin, jmax - cj)
+        best_index = None
+        best_dist = float('inf')
+        k = 0
+        while k <= k_max:
+            # borne inferieure de la distance aux cellules de l'anneau k
+            if best_index is not None and (k - 1) * cell_size >= best_dist:
+                break
+            for i in range(ci - k, ci + k + 1):
+                for j in range(cj - k, cj + k + 1):
+                    # anneau seul : l'interieur a deja ete balaye
+                    if k and abs(i - ci) != k and abs(j - cj) != k:
+                        continue
+                    for index in cells.get((i, j), ()):
+                        x, y, _r2 = circles[index]
+                        d = math.hypot(x - cx, y - cy)
+                        if d < best_dist:
+                            best_dist = d
+                            best_index = index
+            k += 1
+
+        current = best_index
+        take(current)
+        order.append(current)
+        remaining -= 1
+
+    return [circles[i] for i in order]
+
+
 def pack_circles(rings, min_radius, max_radius, gap=0.0, margin=0.0,
                  attempts=20000, max_circles=0, rng=None):
     """Greedy random circle packing. Renvoie la liste des (x, y, r) places.
@@ -110,6 +196,8 @@ def pack_circles(rings, min_radius, max_radius, gap=0.0, margin=0.0,
     A chaque tentative, un point est tire au hasard dans la boite englobante ;
     s'il est interieur, on y place le plus grand cercle qui respecte `margin`
     vis-a-vis du contour et `gap` vis-a-vis des cercles deja poses.
+
+    La liste renvoyee est ordonnee par `order_by_proximity`.
     """
     rng = rng or random
     bbox = rings_bbox(rings)
@@ -143,4 +231,5 @@ def pack_circles(rings, min_radius, max_radius, gap=0.0, margin=0.0,
         if radius >= min_radius:
             grid.add(x, y, radius)
 
-    return list(grid.circles)
+    # ordre de sortie pense pour la decoupe laser, pas pour le rendu
+    return order_by_proximity(grid.circles)
diff --git a/test_packing.py b/test_packing.py
index 4d7b763..f5b67e0 100644
--- a/test_packing.py
+++ b/test_packing.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from packing_core import (
     SpatialGrid,
     distance_point_segment,
     distance_to_rings,
+    order_by_proximity,
     pack_circles,
     point_in_rings,
     rings_bbox,
@@ -125,6 +126,74 @@ def test_empty_rings():
     assert pack_circles([], min_radius=1, max_radius=5) == []
 
 
+# --- ordre de sortie (decoupe laser) ----------------------------------------
+
+def _travel(circles):
+    """Longueur du deplacement de centre a centre dans l'ordre donne."""
+    return sum(math.hypot(circles[i][0] - circles[i + 1][0],
+                          circles[i][1] - circles[i + 1][1])
+               for i in range(len(circles) - 1))
+
+
+def _grid_circles(cols=20, rows=20, step=10):
+    return [(c * step, r * step, 1.0) for r in range(rows) for c in range(cols)]
+
+
+def test_order_is_a_permutation():
+    circles = _grid_circles()
+    ordered = order_by_proximity(circles)
+    assert sorted(ordered) == sorted(circles)
+
+
+def test_order_starts_top_left():
+    circles = [(50, 50, 1), (0, 0, 1), (0, 50, 1), (50, 0, 1)]
+    assert order_by_proximity(circles)[0] == (0, 0, 1)
+
+
+def test_order_shortens_travel_on_shuffled_grid():
+    circles = _grid_circles()
+    shuffled = circles[:]
+    random.Random(11).shuffle(shuffled)
+    ordered = order_by_proximity(shuffled)
+    # serpentin optimal : 400 points espaces de 10
+    optimal = _travel(circles)
+    assert _travel(ordered) < _travel(shuffled) / 3
+    assert _travel(ordered) < 2 * optimal
+
+
+def test_order_matches_brute_force_nearest_neighbour():
+    rng = random.Random(4)
+    circles = [(rng.uniform(0, 100), rng.uniform(0, 100), 1.0)
+               for _ in range(200)]
+    ordered = order_by_proximity(circles)
+
+    remaining = list(circles)
+    remaining.remove(min(circles, key=lambda c: (c[1], c[0])))
+    current = ordered[0]
+    for step in ordered[1:]:
+        expected = min(remaining,
+                       key=lambda c: math.hypot(c[0] - current[0],
+                                                c[1] - current[1]))
+        assert math.hypot(step[0] - current[0], step[1] - current[1]) == \
+            pytest.approx(math.hypot(expected[0] - current[0],
+                                     expected[1] - current[1]))
+        remaining.remove(step)
+        current = step
+
+
+def test_order_edge_cases():
+    assert order_by_proximity([]) == []
+    assert order_by_proximity([(1, 2, 3)]) == [(1, 2, 3)]
+
+
+def test_pack_circles_output_is_ordered():
+    circles = pack_circles(SQUARE, min_radius=2, max_radius=10, gap=0.5,
+                           margin=0.5, attempts=3000, rng=random.Random(9))
+    shuffled = circles[:]
+    random.Random(2).shuffle(shuffled)
+    assert _travel(circles) < _travel(shuffled) / 3
+
+
 # --- bout en bout dans Inkscape (saute si inkex absent) ---------------------
 
 def test_extension_runs_on_sample_svg(tmp_path):